Ukraine can heat water and fuel from coal?

Demand for them arose only after the Arab-Israeli war, "Judgement Day" in October 1973 the second and subsequent World "Oil-shock." Then the flank of "liquid gold" has risen fourfold, and today, and 110 at. is not the limit. That time VUT water-coal fuel. Coal slurry cut fly more extract, transport and consume combustible coal and brown coal, the more of them, all waste: angry, waste rock, mine and sewage. But the level of current technology to dramatically expand the use and increase recycling of various wastes and emissions of the coal industry, mining, dressing, coke, burning. The major coal region in the country, where the reserves will last another 400 years, is the Donbass. Those that are in Galicia, in Chervonograd, not so good, but while NC. The local coal of high-and contain lots of sulfur. It is known that before using it on Coke and Energy in ordinary coal is first necessary to enrich. After this procedure remain dormant millionotonnye waste heaps, tailings, sludge, dirty and toxic mine water collected in the tailings pond plants coal preparation and coke plant, and is practically not used. They have become the most dangerous environmental "mine fields", especially in the east. By many competent estimates, these prompoligonah such useful "nepotreba" had accumulated more than 100 million tons, says the professor of the Ukrainian State Chemical and Technological University (UGHTU, Dnepropetrovsk), Doctor of Science William Zadorsky. This off-balance coal waste sludge and flotation, which may become an additional source of energy. Yet they are called "industrial products", suitable for recycling. It is much cheaper than coking coal. Ash dumps in the 3070%, and the organic residue 3050%. Known technology for extraction of off-balance sheet products carbonaceous fuel component can not fully achieve such results. So now, with the coming global shortage of energy, very important to conduct research targeted the coal industry to develop new technologies that reduce to a minimum loss of coal waste, but also to engage in the use of heat power "middlings" that will dramatically reduce the cost of energy production . Net savings in waste coal enrichment can be used if they are recycled into new products based on hydrocarbon fuel, coal slurries. New and effective processes for application and WCF should be based on the scientific basis of colloid chemistry and physicochemical mechanics. This fuel is a highly concentrated dispersion system consisting of very fine particles of coal (\u003c250 nm) and water with the addition of plasticizers, stabilizers. According to Associate Professor of Industrial Thermal Engineering (PTE) of the National Metallurgical Academy of Ukraine (NMetAU, Dnepropetrovsk), candidate of technical sciences Valery Pinchuk, taking into account the ecological limits of the Kyoto Protocol and the EU should use clean coal technologies that provide high completeness of fuel at the lowest possible harmful pressure on the environment. The problem of creating fuel from waste gidrougolnogo coal preparation and coke plant consists in the fact that sludge differ considerably in their physico-chemical properties and composition of coals of different classes, as they already were pre-treated with dressing, and some long remained in the tailings pond. Also in the technology of preparation of the HLA sludge must consider not only the physico-chemical parameters, but the state of the surface of coal particles. Naturally, such a wide range of properties to determine the different approaches to technology for HLA, says Pinchuk. On advantages of WCF says the head of the Department of PET NMetAU, Professor Doctor of Technical Sciences Mikhail Guba: The use of HLA in 1, 53, 5 times reduces harmful emissions into the atmosphere and increases the effectiveness of "hard gold" up to 98%, whereas the traditional burning it does not More than 60%. The main advantage of "coal-water slurry" low cost and environmentally friendly, it does not oxidize during storage, a well is pumped through pipes and nozzles sprayed the oven is lit steady and strong flame. Ready hydrocarbon fuel, fuel oil is cheaper by 24 times, and its value does not exceed 1520% of the price of raw coal in place of its production. In addition, HLA safe from fires and explosions. Technology for its storage are simple and can be fully automated and can be pumped by a special ugletruboprovodam as liquid oil. In addition, the boilers to transfer this energy usually takes no more than 7 months, while serial production of the necessary equipment for this period will be reduced by half. Save on heat and electricity will pay for the cost of reconstruction of the boiler room three or four boilers at 2, 53. New world fuel? The greatest number of scientific institutions, industrial firms and corporations involved in the topic of HLA in 19791984 years. More than 100 organizations in the U.S., Europe, China, Japan, Canada, engaged in serious research on this topic. To do this, set up large international firms Carboge and Co-Al (USA), Densecoal (FRG), SASOL (South Africa), Fluidgarbon (Sweden), who invented the diverse composition and process of preparation and use of water suspensions of coal. And today in the big cities of China prohibited the construction and operation of boilers for solid angle. State program of the Government planned a phased transfer of many companies with oil and gas to hydrocarbon fuel. This should reduce oil imports by more than 70 million tons of fuel oil by 20 million tons per year, which will reduce dependence on external energy sector of the country market. Of course, it's not profitable neighboring Russia, which has just built an oil pipeline from eastern Siberia to China. Today VUT in China engaged in three research centers, there are 6 plants for its production. On boilers and thermal power plants, where HLA burn, already made up to 2 million kilowatts of energy. For technical guidance on implementation of the new fuel in the country has created a National Center for coal-water slurry coal industry. In the next 20 years will bring the production capacity of "coal-water cocktail 'of up to 100 million tons per year. And planned to build a large plant for the production of HLA, which will triple its supply to the domestic market instead of imported oil and is not very high-quality local coal. So to approach the era of coal-water fuel? Global trends in the art appreciates Professor Guba: In the world nothing is perfect. Of the disadvantages of HLA I want to note the high part of the water in suspension, the evaporation of at least 40% of which need to expend energy. More costly process requires direct grinding of coal to produce most of the suspension: a very fine grinding 1 ton of coal consumed in 1520 kW. Finally, during grinding of mixtures of wear and, consequently, the cost of its depreciation is much higher than in dry grinding. But despite its shortcomings, the use of HLA in the world does not lose relevance. In the United States is actively working the program for coal in industrial and domestic energy (ICCG) with total funding of $ 6 billion in the next five years. About 20% of this money goes to the solution of logistic and transport problems. Consumers' gidrougolnoy suspension "of the former coal and fuel oil thermal power plants, power plants, factories, chemical industry, metallurgy and other branches of industry. Today, the world's top mining 'coal diesel' head of South Africa, where the manufacturing process SASOL uses up to 40 million tons per year of its huge uglezapasov. And another thing: ash from the incineration of HLA has expanded the nature and applied as building material. The possibility of making fuel from coal almost any brand of long-flame and gas to slabospekayuschihsya even anthracite and lignite, coal from culm and sludge from the coal extracted from the slag and fly ash thermal power plants, as well as from peat has long been proved. Environmental feasibility of this trend particularly strong in that for HLA can be used not only the river water, but water circulating MMC, sewage and industrial effluents. Interestingly and Russian experience. VUT used in the boilers of the Novosibirsk TETs-5, with 262-km operated ugleprovod from Belovo to Novosibirsk. From 1989 to 1997 at the CHP is delivered and burned in boilers 350 tons of coal-water fuel. In the years 19861987. conducted a successful test of translation into HLA-40A PC boiler steam capacity of 320 tons of steam per hour at Belovo TPP. At Novokuznetsk MC for the first time in the world have used WCF instead of fuel oil in the furnace sinter. The increased interest in HLA Bezugolny in Japan that invests in the development of brown coal deposits and the creation of its processing plants in Vietnam and Indonesia. Unfortunately, HLA is not used in energy production despite the fact that the unit cost of production of 1 MW. hours of electricity from this fuel is lower than the combustion of coal. The matter is that if we replace coal, gas, fuel oil, "coal-water cocktail" require large investments, especially in the first phase of its industrial implementation. There are Ukrainian VUT! Experts from the Institute of Engineering Mechanics (Dnipropetrovsk) argue that the performance of modern scientific research can make a conclusion: the methods of physicochemical mechanics can be efficiently created from waste coal preparation highly concentrated (up to 75% of coal mass) with a new fuel necessary colloid-chemical and thermal properties. In this final product is ready to use WCF in power plants and requires no special training before combustion. So for what it was? Here is what the top experts in the field of Alexander Kuznetsov (NIPKI "Uglemehanizatsiya" Lugansk) and Igor Tokarev (LLC "Remo", Sverdlovsk): "We already have 5 effective projects using WCF instead of gas in the factories of" Interpipe ", Ltd. "Sintiz", LLC "Promtsement," the firm "Fagot", on the SE "Sverdlovantratsit." Translation of the heating units with gas HLA assumes annual savings in energy costs in the range of 1, 716, 4 million hryvnia, and the payback period coal-water process technology for 1 year. Necessary to develop a national program of gradual development in all spheres of HLA-compensated and teploispolzovaniya, including housing, industrial SOEs TPP. Include in this program private mining and power companies, industry institutes of NASU, Ministry of Energy, Ministry of Industrial Policy, Ministry of Regional Development. "

source www.realt5000.com.ua

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